Peran Bahan Ajar dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam: Telaah Sistematis Terhadap Kontribusi, Tren Digitalisasi, dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kompetensi Siswa

الملخص

 Teaching materials are fundamental components in the learning system. However, in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, their strategic role has often not been utilized optimally. Objective: This study aims to analyze the strategic role of teaching materials, identify digitalization trends, and examine their effectiveness in PAI learning.  This study employs a systematic literature review following the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Data were collected from 25 primary sources (SINTA/Scopus indexed journals and reference books published 2020-2025). Data analysis used thematic content analysis.  Teaching materials have multidimensional roles: independent learning resources, learning control tools, media for internalizing Islamic values, and personalization means. Digitalization trends show a shift from printed to interactive platforms (flipbooks, multimedia, e-modules). Effective development strategies include: needs analysis, adaptive pedagogical design, expert validation, limited trials, and continuous evaluation. Meta-analytic evidence demonstrates effectiveness with a large effect size (*g* = 1.16). Conclusion: Teaching materials determine PAI learning success. Digital transformation increases accessibility and personalization.