Implementation of Maslow's Motivation Theory through a Hierarchy of Needs Approach to Improve Teacher Performance in Cirebon City Elementary Schools

Abstract

The research investigates the application of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to improve teacher performance at elementary schools. The study aims to evaluate how fulfilling physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs influences teacher motivation and performance. Using a quantitative descriptive approach, a survey was conducted among 99 elementary school teachers. Data analysis included correlation and regression methods to determine the relationship between the fulfillment of these needs and teacher performance. The results showed that physiological and safety needs had the most significant impact, contributing to a higher level of job performance. Teachers with their basic needs met were more focused on their professional responsibilities. Social and esteem needs also positively influenced performance, though to a lesser degree, indicating areas for improvement in workplace recognition and social dynamics. The findings suggest that enhancing basic and psychological needs is essential for sustained teacher performance improvement. The study contributes by highlighting practical applications of Maslow's theory in educational settings, though its focus on a single city may limit the generalizability of the results. Future research should expand to other regions for a broader understanding.