Jama’iyyah Mahmudiyah Sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Langkat: Analisis Faktor Keagamaan, Faktor Sosial dan Politik dalam Pendiriannya di Langkat

الملخص

This study aims to analyse and provide an overview of the background to the establishment of the Jama'iyyah Mahmudiyah Tanjung Pura Langkat as an Islamic educational institution. The focus of this study is an analysis of the religious, social and political factors underlying the establishment of the Jama'iyyah Mahmudiyah. This study employs a qualitative approach based on library research, utilising documentation and interviews. Data was collected and subsequently analysed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results and findings of this study are as follows: firstly, the Jama'iyyah Mahmudiyah was founded on 31 December 1912 H or 22 Muharram 1330 M, on the initiative and at the suggestion of the Sultanate of Langkat, the ulama and the community. Secondly, several underlying factors include: religious factors, evidenced by the Sultan’s devotion to Islam and his desire to promote an ideology consistent with Islamic teachings and aligned with the beliefs of the Sultan of Langkat. Social factors reflect the Sultan’s concern for the education and equality of his people to improve their welfare, standard of living and mindset. Political factors were intended to secure the Sultan of Langkat’s support from the ulama and garner public sympathy regarding the Sultanate of Langkat’s position in its political manoeuvring.