Implementasi Akad Murabahah dalam Penyaluran Pembiayaan pada Bank Syariah

Abstrak

This study aims to examine the implementation of the murabahah contract in financing disbursement by Sharia banks, focusing on financing mechanisms, Sharia compliance, operational challenges, and the application of prudential principles. The study employs a descriptive-qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were gathered through an examination of scholarly books, laws and regulations, fatwas from the National Sharia Board of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (DSN-MUI), and literature on Sharia accounting. The data were analyzed using a descriptive-normative method by comparing murabahah principles found in these sources against the stages of financing disbursement ranging from application and customer feasibility analysis, asset procurement and ownership, and the determination of selling prices and margins, to contract execution and installment payments. The study reveals that murabahah implementation requires clarity regarding the transaction object, transparency concerning acquisition costs and margins, and assurance that the bank holds ownership of the asset in principle prior to its sale to the customer. The use of wakalah (agency) must be properly regulated to avoid obscuring the sequence of the sale-and-purchase transaction. Furthermore, analyzing repayment capacity, maintaining adequate documentation, ensuring Sharia compliance, and fostering transparent communication are essential for managing risk and maintaining customer trust. Thus, the success of murabahah financing depends not only on administrative completeness but also on the alignment of the transaction's substance with Sharia provisions and the application of responsible governance. As this is a literature-based study, the findings presented are derived from an analysis of existing literature rather than empirical observations of specific banks.