Pengembangan Prototipe Dongkrak Multiguna Elektronik dengan Pendekatan Ergonomi: Penetapan Dimensi Rancangan Berbasis Data Antropometri

الملخص

Operating a manual jack requires a stooped posture and a large pushing force, which increases the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to determine the ergonomic dimensions of an electronic multipurpose jack prototype based on anthropometric data, to formulate the concept of a safe and intuitive electronic control system, and to identify the design implications for improving the operator's working posture. A quantitative descriptive approach was used with secondary anthropometric data obtained from the Indonesian Anthropometry database for adult users aged 25–40 years. Eight body dimensions (D1, D4, D15, D23, D24, D28, D29, and D36) were selected and their statistical consistency was verified against the normal distribution assumption using z values of ±1.645. Percentile selection rules were then applied: the 5th percentile for reach dimensions, the 95th percentile for clearance dimensions, and the 5th–95th percentile range for adjustable dimensions. Verification showed that the difference between the calculated percentiles and the source data was no greater than 0.01 cm, confirming that the data are suitable as a design basis. The resulting ergonomic dimensions are an adjustable control panel height of 98–111 cm (equivalent to standing elbow height, default 105 cm), a maximum control reach distance of 60 cm, a backup lever arm length of 40–45 cm, a grip length of 13–15 cm, and a grip diameter of 3.5–4.5 cm. This combination of percentile rules allows the design to accommodate approximately 90% of body-size variation within the user population. Relocating the operating point from near ground level to elbow height conceptually changes the working posture from stooping to standing upright. This study is limited to the dimensioning and conceptual stage; the physical prototype has not been fabricated, so claims of reduced physical workload remain predictive and require empirical verification through functional testing and posture assessment such as RULA or REBA.