Pengaruh Warehouse Design, Warehouse Technology, Human Competency, dan Warehouse Operation Terhadap Warehouse Performance Melalui Order Picking Efficiency pada Gudang PT Multi Terminal Indonesia

Abstract

Order picking efficiency is a key factor determining warehouse performance, as this activity accounts for the largest share of operational cost and labor time in warehouse operations. At the Lubricant Warehouse and Unilever Warehouse of PT Multi Terminal Indonesia, fluctuating warehouse space utilization and indications of declining order picking efficiency were observed, yet a comprehensive evaluation of the factors influencing these issues had never been systematically conducted. This research examines the relationships between warehouse design, warehouse technology, warehouse operation, and human competency and warehouse performance, with order picking efficiency serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative research design was adopted, with data collected through a survey and subsequently analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The hypothesis testing provided support for all nine proposed hypotheses. Among the variables examined, warehouse operation demonstrated the strongest influence on order picking efficiency and generated the most substantial indirect effect on warehouse performance through the mediating variable. Order picking efficiency was also confirmed to act as a full mediator, with its direct effect on warehouse performance representing the strongest path in the overall model. This study offers practical implications suggesting that improving warehouse performance at PT Multi Terminal Indonesia would be most effective when prioritizing the strengthening of warehouse operational processes, without neglecting improvements in design, technology, and human resource competency.