Optimasi Biaya Distribusi Produk Farmasi Melalui Pendekatan Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows (CVRPTW) pada Jaringan Distribusi PT DFO Wilayah Pulau Jawa

Abstrak

Pharmaceutical product distribution faces challenges in achieving cost efficiency while complying with vehicle capacity constraints, service time limitations, and Good Distribution Practices (GDP) requirements. This study aims to analyze the existing distribution system, evaluate route efficiency, develop an optimization model using the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) approach, and measure the potential transportation cost savings within PT DFO's distribution network in Java Island. The study employed a mixed-method approach by utilizing primary data obtained through observations and interviews, as well as secondary company data consisting of branch locations, demand, vehicle capacity, distance, travel time, transportation costs, time windows, and service time. The optimization process applied the Savings Algorithm/Savings Matrix to cluster distribution routes while considering vehicle capacity and service time constraints, followed by visit-sequence optimization using Excel Solver. The results indicate that the existing 17 distribution routes can be optimized into 9 routes, representing a reduction of 47.06%. Total travel distance decreased from 11,865.5 km to 7,989.3 km, resulting in an efficiency of 32.67%, while total travel time decreased from 10,398 minutes to 7,196 minutes, representing a 30.79% reduction. Distribution costs per cycle decreased from IDR 103,800,000 to IDR 86,920,000, generating savings of IDR 16,880,000 or 16.26%. These findings demonstrate that the CVRPTW approach can produce more efficient pharmaceutical distribution routes while simultaneously considering vehicle capacity, time windows, service time, and operational feasibility based on Good Distribution Practices (GDP). The study recommends that route optimization should be dynamically reviewed by considering changes in demand, branch operating schedules, transportation tariffs, and operational conditions to maintain cost efficiency without compromising pharmaceutical distribution quality and regulatory compliance.